【臨床症状】60代 USにて膵頭部に17mmの腫瘤疑い
【問題】画像所見と診断名は?
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➡ 冠状断
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▶答えはこちら
- 肝S7付近に造影で乏血性のリング状の濃染がある腫瘍を認める
- 総肝動脈、傍大動脈リンパ節に腫大、右副腎にも腫大を認め転移疑い
- 腫瘍が下大静脈にも接しており、浸潤疑い
- 上記より管内胆管癌、領域、傍大動脈リンパ節転移、右副腎転移、下大静脈浸潤疑い(Stage4B)となる
- その後、EUS-FNAを実施し、上記と診断
- 後日、FDG-PET検査を実施し、上記転移疑いの部位にFDGの集積を認めた
- その後、化学療法を実施するも病変の増大を認め、BSCの方針となった
【胆管細胞癌】
・胆管細胞癌(胆管癌:cholangiocellular carcinoma)は胆道系の上皮細胞から発生し、発生部位によって肝内胆管癌と、肝門部胆管癌に大別される
・肉眼的に、腫瘤形成型(6割程度)、胆管浸潤型(3割程度)、胆管内発育型(1割程度)に分類される
・肝内胆管癌は乳頭腺癌が多く、粘液や胆管拡張を伴うが比較的予後は良いとされている
・肝門部胆管癌は胆管浸潤型が多く、容易に周囲血管や臓器に浸潤する
・その為、術前診断が難しく両葉肝内胆管拡張を伴う特徴的な臨床像を示す事からKlatskin tumorと呼ばれている
・男性にやや多く、初期症状はないため発見時には進行癌の事が多い
・非硬変肝に発生する
・肝内結石、原発性硬化性胆管炎、Caroli病での頻度が高いと言われている
・HCV(C型肝炎ウィルス)との関連も深い
・画像所見は次の通り
- 造影検査で、乏血性の腫瘤でリング状の造影効果を認める
- 抹消にできた癌は、平衡相で中心部の遅延造影を認め、周辺部は低吸収域になる
- 肝内胆管の拡張を認める事もある
- 腫瘍が肝被膜に浸潤する場合は、肝表面に凹凸を伴う場合がある
- 肝内胆管癌は胆管壁に沿って浸潤性に発育し、指摘が難しい場合もある
- 腫瘤内を血管が通り、悪性リンパ腫との鑑別が必要になる事もある
画像診断ではT因子の診断が重要
参考書籍:ジェネラリストを目指す人のための画像診断パワフルガイド 第2版
- T1:癌腫が壁内に限局している
- T2:癌腫が壁外に進展するが、T3に達しない
- T3:肝胆膵のいずれかへの進展、もしくは肝動脈、門脈の片側一次分枝への浸潤
- T4:上記以外の多臓器への進展、もしくはPV本幹、もしくは両側一次分枝への浸潤、総肝動脈への浸潤
肝胆膵の画像診断 -CT・MRIを中心にー