common disease82

【臨床症状】20代 検診精査(肺門部腫大)

【問題】画像所見と診断名は?

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    ▶答えはこちら
    • 右側および両側上葉優位に経気道分布に多数の粒状影を認める
    • その一部では粒状影が集簇し、galaxy signを疑う所見も認めるが肺癌の除外も必要
    • air trappingは認めない
    • 造影では縦郭リンパ節(両側肺門リンパ節)の明確な腫大を認める
    • 両側性で、癒合傾向は認めない
    • 上記より肺サルコイドーシスが第一に疑われ、診断確定のために他院紹介となる
    • その後、紹介先で生検を実施し、サルコイドーシスと確定された

    【肺サルコイドーシス】

    ・原因不明の肉芽腫性疾患で、幅広い年代に見られる

    ・何らかの抗原によりアレルギー反応が生じ、全身臓器に肉芽腫形成が起きる

    ・90%以上が肺に発生する

    ・主な症状は呼吸苦や咳嗽などだが、30%程度は無症状で、他の検査で偶然発見されることもある

    ・自然寛解する事も多いが、再発や慢性、難治性症例もある

    ・症状がある場合はステロイドや免疫治療を行う

    ・画像所見は、両側肺門、縦隔リンパ節の腫大(bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy:BHL)を認める

    ・内部は均一で癒合傾向に乏しく、石灰化を伴う事もある

    ・肺病変は上葉、中葉中心にリンパ路に沿った粒状影を認める

    粒状影が集簇して大結節として認める事をgalaxy signとも呼ぶ

    ・小葉間隔壁や気管支血管束の肥厚を認める事もある

    ・肺胞内に肉芽腫が充満すると、浸潤影が見られたり、気道内腔閉塞によるair trappingを認める事がある

    参考文献:澤幡美千瑠, 杉山幸比古, 疫学的視点からみたサルコイドーシスの病態と病因, 日サ会誌 2015,35
    参考書籍:困ったときの胸部の画像診断
         ジェネラリストを目指す人のための画像診断パワフルガイド 第2版