【臨床症状】
【問題】画像所見と診断名は?
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➡ 造影CT
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➡ 造影CT(冠状断)
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➡ 単純MRI
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➡ 造影MRI
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▶答えはこちら
- 右腎に約3cm程度の腫瘤影を認める
- 内部に低吸収域を認め脂肪成分が混在しているのが分かる
- 造影では不均一なやや造影される部位を認める
- MRI画像ではin-phaseとopposed-phaseにおいてケミカルシフトによる信号低下を認め、微小脂肪成分の存在が確認できる
- 上記より腎血管筋脂肪種(renal angiomyolioma:AML)と診断できる
- 他の所見として、S4とS8に肝血管腫、右腎嚢胞、子宮筋腫あり
【腎血管筋脂肪種】
・腎血管筋脂肪種(renal angiomyolioma:AML)は、脂肪組織、平滑筋組織、血管組織が混在した腫瘍
・腎臓の良性腫瘍の中で最も高頻度で発見される
・4:1で女性に多く、40代で発見される事が多い
・被膜を持たない特徴があるため、浸潤性に発育する
・結節性硬化症に伴って生じるものがあるが、頻度としては少なく散発性が大部分を占める
・腫瘍径が4cm以上のものでは破裂のリスクが高いと言われているためTAEの治療対象になる
・脂肪成分が少ない亜型があり、fat poor AMLや、AML woth minimum fatなどと呼ばれる事がある
・この場合はRCCと鑑別が困難な場合がある
・造影CTで造影される成分は、腫瘍内の平滑筋や血管を見ている
・腎と腫瘍の境界面が腎内側に向かって角ばって見える事を angular interfaceと呼ぶ
参考書籍:ジェネラリストを目指す人のための画像診断パワフルガイド 第2版