悪性腫瘍18

【臨床症状】60代 胃腸の不調 CEA:61.6 GF、CF異常なし

【問題】画像所見と診断名は?

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➡ 冠状断
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    ▶答えはこちら
    • 各種タイミングで膵頭部に約3cmほどの腫瘤影あり
    • 早期相で乏血性、平衡相でやや辺縁が濃染される腫瘤で、濃染パターンからは嚢胞編成した膵癌を疑う
    左から単純、早期相、後期相
    • また門脈起始部、SMA起始部に隣接しており、上腸間膜静脈から門脈に移行部で腫瘤によるやや狭窄が疑われる
    • 上記より、膵癌、門脈、SMA浸潤が疑われる
    • 他に肝臓にも多発腫瘤影をみとめ、臨床状況から多発肝転移が疑われた
    • 腹水やリンパ節腫大は特に認めない

    【膵臓癌】

    ・膵臓癌(膵癌、pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma)は、上皮細胞から発生し組織学的には管状腺癌が大半を占める

    ・膵癌は初期から転移しやすい事が知られている(周囲に血管やリンパ節、主要臓器などがあるために容易に浸潤、血行転移するため)

    ・初期症状に乏しく、発見された段階では進行癌(ステージ4)である事が多く、遠隔転移がある場合の予後は半年程度とのデータもある

    ・腹痛や黄疸、腰痛などがきっかけで発見される事が多く、50代以上が9割で60代に最も多い

    ・膵癌はまず「切除可能」、「切除可能境界」、「切除不能」に分類されるが、切除可能と判断された場合でも、約9割が再発を来すとも言われている

    ・腹腔動脈、上腸間膜動脈に浸潤がある場合は切除不能に分類される

    ・IPMN(膵管内乳頭粘液性腫瘍)は膵癌に進展する事があるので、経過観察が重要

    ・他、家族歴や慢性膵炎、糖尿病、喫煙の有無などが膵癌のリスクファクターとも言われている

    ・膵癌における画像所見は次の通り

    • 膵臓は多血臓器のため、膵癌の画像所見はDynamic動脈相で乏血性の腫瘤として描出される
    • その後、門脈層、平衡相と斬新的に増加する造影効果を示す
    • 一方で多血性で動脈相から濃染する膵癌もあるので注意が必要
    • 門脈系、動脈系の浸潤の有無については、腫瘍が半周を超えて血管に接するかどうかが一つの指標

    参考書籍:肝胆膵の画像診断 -CT・MRIを中心にー