救急50

【臨床症状】70代 直腸癌 肺転移 腹部膨満感

【問題】画像所見と診断名は?

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    ▶答えはこちら
    • 大腸の著明な拡張を認める
    • またこれに伴い二ボー像も認める
    • 拡張した腸管を追っていくと、直腸で閉塞しているのが確認できる
    • 臨床情報から直腸癌による腸閉塞の状態になっていると考えられる
    • また、多発肺転移、直腸周囲のリンパ節腫大、多発肝転移を認める
    • 左腎結石、上行結腸に憩室多数、尿道カテーテル留置あり

    【腫瘤性病変による腸閉塞】

    ・大腸癌が腸閉塞を来す割合は10~30%程度と言われている

    ・左側結腸の方が頻度が高い(内腔が狭い、内容物が固いなどの理由がある)

    ・初期の大腸癌は自覚症状が無い事も多く、結腸閉塞を伴うような(漿膜下以深への全周性の浸潤)場合、多くは進行癌の状態の事が多い

    ・閉塞部口側の消化管が拡張すると、消化液の分泌促進と吸収抑制が起き、更に腸管が拡張していく

    ・大腸閉塞例における穿孔の危険因子は、盲腸の最大径が12cm以上、壁内気腫、小腸の未拡張などがある

    ・治療はステントや人工肛門などの減圧処置

    ・根治が見込める場合は、待機的に手術を行うこともある

    参考書籍:すぐ役立つ救急のCT・MRI 改定第2版