悪性腫瘍11

【臨床症状】60代 アスベスト職歴あり 腫瘤増大

【問題】画像所見と診断名は?

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    ▶答えはこちら
    • 左肺底部に10*8.5cm大の不整形腫瘤を認める
    • また石灰化を伴う胸膜肥厚(一部壁側胸膜に石灰化を認めるような所見あり)があり、臨床情報と合わせて胸膜プラークの状態
    • 悪性胸膜中脾腫が疑われ、診断確定のために転院し、転院先の生検によりMPM:malignant pleural mesotheliomaの診断となる
    • その後、FDG-PET検査が実施され、該当部位と腋窩リンパ節に集積を認め、MPM、腋窩リンパ節転移疑いとなった

    【悪性胸膜中脾腫】

    ・悪性胸膜中脾腫(malignant pleural mesothelioma:MPM)は過去に仕事などで石綿暴露の経験ある人で、数十年の潜伏期間を経て発症する

    ・胸膜プラークは石綿暴露の重要な指標だが、胸膜プラーク自体が悪性転化する事は無いと言われている

    ・また壁側胸膜に石灰化を認める傾向がある(結核は臓側胸膜に石灰化の傾向)

    ・胸膜プラークを有する場合は、そうではない場合と比較して中脾腫や肺癌の発症率が高い

    ・男性に多く、その潜伏期間の長さから50~70代に多い

    ・組織学的に上皮型、肉腫型、2相型に分類され、上皮型が半数以上を占める

    ・主な症状は、胸痛や息切れ、体重減少など非特異的な症状が多い

    ・胸水細胞診や梁生検の正診率が30%未満と低く、胸膜生検が推奨されている

    ・主な治療法は、手術、放射線治療、化学療法などからなる集学的治療

    主な画像所見は次の通り

    1. 片側性胸水(30~80%)
    2. びまん性の胸膜肥厚や胸膜腫瘤などを認める
    3. 1cmを超える胸膜肥厚は悪性所見を示唆する所見と言われている

    参考書籍:困ったときの胸部の画像診断