【臨床症状】60代 閉塞性黄疸
【問題】画像所見と診断名は?
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▶答えはこちら
- 十二指腸下行脚に膵頭部と一塊になった約5cm大の腫瘤影を認める
- これに伴い膵尾部の膵管拡張も認める
- 造影効果(一部低吸収域もあり)を認め、十二指腸癌疑い
- また傍大動脈リンパ節腫大あり、肝S5に転移も疑われる
- 後日、MRIが撮影されCTと同様の所見
- その後、生検によってadeno-carcinomaが検出された
- その他の画像所見として、胆摘後(胆摘に伴う胆道気腫:pneumobiliaあり)
【十二指腸癌】
・十二指腸癌(duodenal carcinoma)は発生個所によって次のように分類される
- 十二指腸乳頭部から発生 ⇒ 胆道癌として扱われる
- それ以外の十二指腸粘膜から発生 ⇒ 十二指腸癌
<十二指腸癌>
・内視鏡で診断される事がほどんどで、CTやMRIは早期診断に有効ではない
・進行するとCT画像では同心円状、または左右非対称な壁肥厚などを認めるようになる
・FDG-PET検査は病期診断に有効
<十二指腸乳頭部癌>
・主な症状は、黄疸や発熱、腹痛など
・比較的、稀な疾患で上記の通り胆道癌として扱われる
・男性に多く60歳以上に好発、喫煙がリスクファクターとして知られている
・家族性大腸腺腫症(FAP)や遺伝性非ポリポーシス大腸癌といった遺伝的要因も関連がある
・特にFAPは非FAPと比較すると130倍程度のリスクがあるとも言われている
・局所診断はm内視鏡で、CTやMRIはリンパ節転移や遠隔転移の有無の目的で実施される
・進行して病変が大きくなると、由来の同定が難しくなり膵癌などとの鑑別が困難になる事もある
参考書籍:わかる!役立つ!消化管の画像診断