悪性腫瘍14

【臨床症状】60代 閉塞性黄疸

【問題】画像所見と診断名は?

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    ▶答えはこちら
    • 十二指腸下行脚に膵頭部と一塊になった約5cm大の腫瘤影を認める
    • これに伴い膵尾部の膵管拡張も認める
    • 造影効果(一部低吸収域もあり)を認め、十二指腸癌疑い
    • また傍大動脈リンパ節腫大あり、肝S5に転移も疑われる
    • 後日、MRIが撮影されCTと同様の所見
    • その後、生検によってadeno-carcinomaが検出された
    • その他の画像所見として、胆摘後(胆摘に伴う胆道気腫:pneumobiliaあり)
    ※ MRI画像は非提示

    【十二指腸癌】

    ・十二指腸癌(duodenal carcinoma)は発生個所によって次のように分類される

    1. 十二指腸乳頭部から発生 ⇒ 胆道癌として扱われる
    2. それ以外の十二指腸粘膜から発生 ⇒ 十二指腸癌

    <十二指腸癌>

    ・内視鏡で診断される事がほどんどで、CTやMRIは早期診断に有効ではない

    ・進行するとCT画像では同心円状、または左右非対称な壁肥厚などを認めるようになる

    ・FDG-PET検査は病期診断に有効

    <十二指腸乳頭部癌>

    ・主な症状は、黄疸や発熱、腹痛など

    ・比較的、稀な疾患で上記の通り胆道癌として扱われる

    ・男性に多く60歳以上に好発、喫煙がリスクファクターとして知られている

    ・家族性大腸腺腫症(FAP)や遺伝性非ポリポーシス大腸癌といった遺伝的要因も関連がある

    ・特にFAPは非FAPと比較すると130倍程度のリスクがあるとも言われている

    ・局所診断はm内視鏡で、CTやMRIはリンパ節転移や遠隔転移の有無の目的で実施される

    ・進行して病変が大きくなると、由来の同定が難しくなり膵癌などとの鑑別が困難になる事もある

    参考書籍:わかる!役立つ!消化管の画像診断