悪性腫瘍24

【臨床症状】70代 発熱 血尿あり CRP:17 USで腎臓に腫瘤精査

【問題】画像所見と診断名は?

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    ▶答えはこちら
    • 左腎下極に8×4cm大の多房性嚢胞性腫瘤を認める
    • T2WIでやや高信号、拡散強調で高信号、ADCで低信号、in phase,opposed phaseでは信号低下を認めない
    ※ 左上段からT2WI、T2-FS、中断左からin phase、opposed phase、下段左からDWI、ADC
    • 造影では早期相から濃染されるのと、Gerota筋膜や大腰筋、一部下行結腸への濃染を認める
    • リンパ節腫大や骨転移は認めない
    • また腎静脈内への腫瘍塞栓も認めない
    • 上記より、RCC(腎細胞癌)、Gerota筋膜播種、筋/下行結腸浸潤疑い(T4>T3)とされた
    • 他の所見としては、右腎嚢胞など
    • その後、診断確定と治療のため他院に紹介され、紹介先で淡明細胞型RCCと診断された
    ※ 下段左から造影冠状断、造影横断像

    【腎細胞癌】

    ・腎細胞癌(renal cell carcinoma:RCC)は腎に発生する近位尿管由来の腺癌

    ・男女比では男性に多く、中年以降(50~70代)に増加する

    ・多くの組織型があるが、淡明細胞型腎細胞癌(70~85%)、乳頭型腎細胞癌(18%)、嫌色素性腎細胞癌(5%)の3つが殆ど

    ・喫煙、肥満、アスベスト、後天性嚢胞性腎疾患、von Hippel-Lindau病などがリスク因子

    <淡明細胞型腎細胞癌>

    1. RCCの中で一番多い組織型
    2. 多くは膨張性の発育をし、腫瘍の周囲に偽被膜を形成する
    3. 通常径が3cm以下の場合は、辺縁平滑、内部は比較的均一だが、増大すると辺縁不正、内部不均一になる
    4. 淡明細胞型RCCは60%の割合で、細胞質に脂質を含む事があるためケミカルシフトで信号低下を認める事がある
    5. 血流が豊富な事から、皮髄相で濃染し排泄相で低吸収を認めるwash out型の濃染パターンを示す事が多い
    6. 壊死に至ると嚢胞性変化を認める事もある

    <乳頭状腎細胞癌>

    1. RCCの中で淡明細胞型に次いで2番目に多い
    2. 副腎皮質由来で、線維血管性間質を伴いながら乳頭状、または管状乳頭状に増殖する充実性腫瘍
    3. 細胞異形度からⅠ型とⅡ型に亜分類される
    4. 乳頭状RCCの5年生存率は82~92%だが、Ⅰ型は95%、Ⅱ型では66%でⅡ型の方が浸潤傾向があり予後が悪い
    5. Dynamic画像では乏血性のパターンを示すが、腫瘍が増大するに従い出血や壊死の頻度が高くなる
    6. Ⅱ型はⅠ型よりも境界不明瞭、内部不均一、石灰化などを示す
    7. MRIではT2WIで低信号、Dynamicで弱い造影効果を認めれば、より疑わしくなる(あまりwash out型は認めない)

    <嫌色素性腎細胞癌>

    • 病理組織学的には、Haleのコロイド鉄染色で強陽性に染まる大型の腫瘍細胞
    • 通常型と好酸型に分けられる
    • 発育が緩徐で浸潤や転移も少なく、淡明細胞型RCCよりも予後が良く、乳頭状RCCと同程度かそれ以上とも言われている
    • 画像所見は比較的均一で中程度の増強効果(弱いwash outを認める事もある)
    • T2WIで偽被膜を認める事もある
    • 中心瘢痕を認めるものもあるが、その場合はオンコサイトーマとの鑑別が困難な場合が多い
    参考書籍:知っておきたい泌尿器のCT・MRI 改定第2版