common disease4

【臨床症状】70代 男性 HCV

【問題】画像所見と診断名は?

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➡ 造影CT
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    ▶答えはこちら
    • 肺底部の胸膜に石灰化を認める
    • 比較的広範に認めアスベスト暴露による胸膜プラークが疑われる
    • 肝臓に最大2cm程度の多発する腫瘤影を認める
    • 動脈相で辺縁からの早期濃染を認め、平衡相で均一に造影される事から血管腫が第一に挙げられる
    • 左腎杯に鋳型状の石灰化を認め、サンゴ状結石疑い
    • 他、両腎に小さい結石が多数認めるも水腎症の所見は認めない
    上段左から単純、動脈相、下段左から門脈相、平衡相

    【肝血管腫】

    ・海綿状血管腫と毛細血管性血管腫がある(頻度は海綿状血管腫の方が多い)

    ・肝血管腫(海綿状血管腫)は良性の肝腫瘍の中で最も頻度が高い

    ・基本的に無症状で臨床的に問題となる事は少ないが、稀に巨大化(10cm以上)する事があり、この場合は腹痛の原因となる事がある

    ・また血栓化、硝子化、線維瘢痕化、嚢胞化、石灰化など様々な変性により内部不均一になる事がある

    ・巨大化するのはほとんどが女性で、ホルモンとの関係性が示唆されている

    ・MRIでT1強調画像で低信号、T2強調画像で高信号を示すのが特徴的

    ・またCT/MRIのDynamic画像では造影早期相で病変の辺縁に結節状の濃染域を認め、徐々に中心部が造影されていくのも特徴的

    ・小さな血管腫では、中心部に結節状の早期濃染を認め典型的なパターンを示さない場合もあるので注意する

    ・染まりが遅いなどの例外もある

    ・またA-Pシャントを伴う事もあり、悪性腫瘍との鑑別が問題になる事がある

    ・巨大な血管腫では血小板減少を伴う事がある(Kasabach-Merritt症候群)

    参考書籍:肝胆膵の画像診断 -CT・MRIを中心に-
         ジェネラリストを目指す人のための画像診断パワフルガイド 第2版

    【サンゴ状結石】

    ・結石が腎盂や腎杯まで占める場合をサンゴ状結石(staghorn calculus)と呼ぶ(広義的には2つ以上の腎杯に及ぶ分枝状の結石の事)

    ・サンゴ状結石の70%以上はスツルバイト結石であり、しばしば層状の石灰化を伴う

    ・スツルバイト結石は感染結石とも呼ばれ、多くは尿路感染症を伴っている

    ・腎盂腎杯を分枝状に進展するサンゴ状結石は治療の対象になる事が多い

    ・治療は経皮的腎結石摘出術(PNL)と体外衝撃波腎結石破砕術(ESWL)を組み合わせて行う事が多い

    参考書籍:知っておきたい泌尿器のCT・MRI 改定第2版