common disease10

【臨床症状】40代 女性 子宮筋腫で経過観察中 腹水増大 腹痛 CA12-5:35.2 C19-9:19.7

【問題】画像所見と診断名は?

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➡ 造影MRI
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    ▶答えはこちら
    • 子宮体部腹側に有茎性の腫瘤影(10×9cm程度)を認める
    • この腫瘤によって子宮は後傾している
    • T2WIで低信号、拡散強調で高信号、ADCで低信号、造影効果はびまん性に低下しているのが確認できる
    • 拡散強調が高信号、ADCが低信号から悪性(肉腫)の可能性があるが、造影効果を認めない事、内部に出血の所見を認めない事から、まずは子宮筋腫の有茎部での軸捻転等による循環不全を第一に疑う
    • その他、少量の腹水あり(卵巣、子宮頸癌、体癌の所見はなし)
    • その後、診断確定と治療のために他院紹介となり、最終結果が不明なため疑い症例止まりとする
    左からT2-FS、拡散強調、T2-FS矢状断
    T2-FSと造影画像の比較

    【子宮筋腫】

    ・子宮筋腫(myoma)は平滑筋腫で子宮内良性腫瘤で最も頻度が高い

    ・エストロゲンやプロゲステロン受容体を持っているため、ホルモンに依存した発育を認める事が多い

    ・閉経後は縮小を認める事もしばしばあるが、逆に増大する場合は平滑筋肉腫を疑う

    ・筋腫が出来る部位によって次のように分類されている

    1. 筋層内筋腫
    2. 粘膜下筋腫
    3. 漿膜下筋腫
    4. 頚部筋腫

    ・粘膜下筋腫は不正出血の原因になる事が多い

    ・有茎性の漿膜下筋腫や粘膜下筋腫は茎捻転を起こし、急性腹症の原因になる事もある

    ・画像所見はT2WIでは変性の程度によって低~高信号を認めるが周囲に被膜を認める

    ・子宮腺筋症や平滑筋肉腫との鑑別が問題になる事があるが、子宮腺筋症との鑑別はT2WIで境界明瞭な腫瘤かどうか(境界不明瞭なら子宮腺筋症)、平滑筋肉腫との鑑別は拡散強調画像が高信号かどうかが有効

    ・CTでは粗大石灰化が集簇し桑実状の石灰化を認める事があり特徴的な所見の一つ

    ・変性とは別に変異型があり、子宮体癌取扱い規約第4版では12分類がある

    ~子宮筋腫の赤色変性~

    ・静脈閉塞に伴って出血性梗塞を来す事があり、これを子宮筋腫の赤色変性と呼び、急性腹症の原因になる事がある

    ・妊娠中やステロイド内服後に多いと言われている

    ・T1WIで筋腫の辺縁部が高信号、T2WIで辺縁がてい信号、内部が高信号を認める

    参考書籍:婦人科MRIアトラス 改定第2版
         子宮体癌取扱い規約 第4版
         ジェネラリストを目指す人のための画像診断パワフルガイド 第2版