common disease36

【臨床症状】60代 ある疾患でフォロー中

【問題】画像所見と診断名は?

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    ▶答えはこちら
    • 両腎に低~高吸収域を認める多数の嚢胞性病変あり
    • また肝臓にも多数の嚢胞性病変あり
    • 右卵巣には石灰やや脂肪濃度を含む腫瘤影を認め、類皮嚢腫(成熟奇形腫)疑い
    • 膵臓には認めないが、上記より常染色体優性多発性嚢胞腎(ADPKD)と診断できる
    • その他の所見として、子宮筋腫あり

    【常染色体優勢多発性嚢胞腎(ADPKD)】

    ・ADPKD(autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease)は、最も頻度が高い遺伝性腎疾患

    ・頻度は400~1,000人に1人とも言われている

    ・原因遺伝子はPKD1とPKD2で、PKD1の方が8割を占める

    ・PKD2遺伝子変異の場合は初発年齢が遅い傾向がある(PKD1は15歳時点で86%)

    ・家族歴の確認が重要だが、中には家族歴が確認できない例もある

    ・両腎に多発する嚢胞が出現し、進行性である

    ・60歳までに約半数が腎不全になる

    ・合併症に高血圧、尿路結石、僧帽弁逸脱症、僧帽弁閉鎖不全、頭蓋内出血、動脈瘤などがある

    ・特に家族歴がある場合に、脳動脈瘤の頻度が高い(~16%)事が知られているため定期的な確認が必要

    ・肝、膵、脾、精巣、卵巣、頭蓋内にも嚢胞を認める事がある

    ・画像上は多発する腎嚢胞が特徴的で、腎の腫大も伴う

    ・画像検査の前にすでに診断されているケースも多い

    ・常染色体劣勢多発性嚢胞腎(ARPKD)もあり、こちらは1~2mm程度の小さな嚢胞が多発し腎腫大も伴う

    参考書籍:知っておきたい泌尿器のCT・MRI 改定第2版