悪性腫瘍5

【臨床症状】70代 男性 検診にて異常陰影

【問題】画像所見と診断名は?

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    ▶答えはこちら
    • 上部右肺門部に約4cmの肺動脈とは別の造影される腫瘤影を認める
    • 肺門部肺癌を疑う
    • また下部肺門、右奇静脈陥凹部にもリンパ節腫大を認め転移を疑う
    • 他、肺内転移や鎖骨上窩リンパ節に転移は認めない
    • その後の精査で、肺門病変から小細胞癌が検出された
    ※ 冠状断は非提示

    【小細胞肺癌】

    ・肺の悪性上皮性腫瘍は大きく次の4つに分類される

    1. 腺癌(置換型、腺房型、乳頭型、微小乳頭型、充実型の5つの亜型がある)
    2. 扁平上皮癌(角化型、非角化型、類基底細胞型の3つの亜型)
    3. 神経内分泌腫瘍(小細胞癌、大細胞神経内分泌癌、カルチノイドの3つの亜型)
    4. 大細胞癌

    ・その中で小細胞癌(small cell carcinoma)は神経内分泌腫瘍の亜型として分類され、肺癌の10~15%を占める

    ・喫煙との関連が高い

    ・中枢側の気管支から発生する事がほとんどで、末梢型は稀と言われている

    ・高悪性度で進行が早く、発見時にはリンパ節転移や遠隔転移を認める場合も多い

    ・上大静脈症候群やLambert-Eaton症候群(アセチルコリン放出抑制による神経筋接合部障害で、筋力低下や易疲労感が主な症状)を呈する事もある

    ・画像所見は次の通り

    1. 抹消型:境界明瞭な結節影や腫瘤影で、原発が小さくてもリンパ節腫大を伴う事がある
    2. 中枢型:肺門、縦隔リンパ節と一塊となった腫瘤影で比較的均一に造影されるが、内部に壊死を伴う事もある
    参考書籍:困ったときの胸部の画像診断