悪性腫瘍4

【臨床症状】40代 自覚症状特になし

【問題】画像所見と診断名は?

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➡ 造影MRI
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    ▶答えはこちら
    • 舌の左側にT2WIでやや高信号、T1WIでやや低信号、造影効果を認める腫瘤性病変あり(長径で4cm程度)
    • 拡散強調で高信号、ADCで低信号から細胞密度が高い事が推察される
    • その後の生検によってSCC(Squamous Cell Carcinoma:扁平上皮癌)が検出された
    • また上~中深頸リンパ節が複数腫大(レベルⅡA~Ⅲ)があり、若干の造影効果を認め転移の可能性あり
    • 他、上顎洞に嚢胞性病変あり

    【舌癌(扁平上皮癌)】

    ・頭頸部癌の中で舌癌が最も多い(頭頸部癌のうち14%程度)

    ・また口腔癌の90%以上、舌癌のうち95%以上が扁平上皮癌である

    ・画像診断の目的は、病変の進展範囲の確認や遠隔転移診断など

    ・T1~T3の評価項目の中にDOI(depth of invasion)があり、この診断にはT1WIが最も病理組織との整合性が高いと言われている(T2WIや造影T1は炎症効果も見てしまうため過大評価になる傾向がある)

    ・NCCN(National Comprehensive Cancer Network)では腫瘍の深達度が4mm以上の舌癌は、予防的頚部郭清が推奨されており画像診断が寄与する意味合いは大きい

    ・画像所見としては次のようなものがある

    • CTでは淡い増強効果を伴う不整形軟部腫瘤
    • MRIでは通常T1WIで低信号、T2WIで高信号を示し、造影効果を認める
    • 周囲浸潤傾向を認める事もある
    • 対側頚部リンパ節転移も多く、レベルⅠ~Ⅱ領域を確認する必要がある
    • 特にCTでは義歯によるアーチファクトが問題になる事がある

    参考書籍:頭頸部の画像診断 改定第2版