悪性腫瘍16

【臨床症状】30代 1週間前からの体調不良 DM、HT、緑内障、肝障害あり

【問題】画像所見と診断名は?

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➡ 冠状断
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    ▶答えはこちら
    • 単純、造影画像にて盲腸付近に早期濃染を認める壁肥厚あり
    • またリンパ節腫大も認める
    • 多数の肝転移も認め、肝臓自体の腫大もあるか
    • 上記より上行結腸癌、リンパ節転移、多発肝転移疑いとなる
    • その他の所見として、ダグラス窩に少量の腹水あり

    【大腸癌】

    ・結腸癌と直腸癌を総称して大腸癌(colorectal cancer)と呼ぶ

    ・組織型はほとんどが腺癌で、近年の食生活の欧米化などにより罹患率、脂肪率ともに増加傾向

    ・大腸は、粘膜(粘膜固有層、粘膜筋板)、粘膜下層、固有筋層(内輪筋、外縦筋)、漿膜(外膜)の順に構成されている

    ・早期癌は癌腫が粘膜下層に留まる場合で、固有筋層以降の浸潤は進行癌になる

    ・肉眼的分類で、早期癌を0型(表面型)、進行癌を1~4型(隆起腫瘤型、潰瘍限局型、潰瘍浸潤型、びまん浸潤型)と分類不能の5型に分けられている

    ・早期癌のリンパ節転移の確率は10%程度である

    ・局所の診断は内視鏡がメインで、CTやMRIは早期癌の診断には向かない

    ・CTやMRIの役割は、進行癌における多臓器への浸潤、リンパ節転移、遠隔転移の診断

    ・局所診断では、進行癌になると壁肥厚や造影効果を認めるようになり、CTでも検出可能になってくる

    ・病変から壁外への脂肪織への毛羽立ちや索状影は壁外浸潤の可能性があるので注意する

    ・MRIは特に直腸癌の深達度診断において有用との報告がある(肛門挙筋や肛門括約筋の描出/浸潤確認が出来るため)

    ・FDG-PETは病期診断やスクリーニングに有用とのデータもある(原発巣の検出で感度87~100%、特異度67~100%)

    ・だたし生理的集積をする部位でもあるため、マスクされる可能性を念頭においておく事が必要

    参考書籍:わかる!役立つ!消化管の画像診断