common disease81

【臨床症状】50代 男性 検診精査

【問題】画像所見と診断名は?

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➡ CT冠状断
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➡ MRI画像(単純/造影)
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    ▶答えはこちら
    • 前上縦隔正中部に約2cm程度の結節影(腫瘤性病変)を認める
    • 胸膜嚢胞、胸腺腫、リンパ腫などが鑑別にあがる
    • 肺内や肺門にリンパ節腫大は認めず、肺内病変もない
    • 後日、MRIが撮影されT2WIで高信号、造影効果を認めなかった事から、胸腺嚢胞としてフォローされている
    • 30ヶ月後のCTでも特に増大は認めていない
    左からCT、MRI脂肪抑制、MRI造影画像

    【胸腺嚢胞】

    ・胸腺嚢胞は比較的、稀な疾患とされてきたが、CT検診などの普及で発見頻度は上昇してきている

    ・先天性と後天性があるが、先天性がほとんどで原因は胸腺咽頭管の遺残組織から発生するためと考えられれている

    ・心膜嚢胞、気管支原性嚢胞と鑑別を要する事があるが、困難な場合も多い

    ・発生部位は胎生期に胸腺が下降する経路に沿った部位(前縦隔)に多く見られる

    ・通常無症状で20歳までに半数が発見される

    ・画像所見は円形、もしくは楕円形の境界明瞭な単房性嚢胞を前縦隔に認める

    ・内容物は漿液性で、CTでは均一な低吸収、MRIではT2WIで高信号を認め、通常造影効果は認めない

    ・後天性は炎症後の変化として認める事が多い

    ・画像上は壁の厚い多房性嚢胞病変として認める事が多い

    ・無症状の事も多いが、胸痛や呼吸苦で発見されることもある

    ・内部不均一や充実成分を認める事もある

    参考文献:森田琢也, 立花秀一, 川上万平 他. 胸腺嚢胞6例の検討, 日本呼吸器外科学会雑誌 12巻4号
    参考書籍:困ったときの胸部の画像診断