整形61

【臨床症状】60代 男性 眼球打撲 全方向眼球運動制限あり

【問題】画像所見と診断名は?

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➡ 骨条件
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    ▶答えはこちら
    • 軟部条件の画像で、篩骨の骨折と眼窩脂肪が篩骨洞内に脱出しているのが確認できる
    • 冠状断(軟部条件/骨条件)にても同様の所見を認める
    • その他に頭蓋冠の骨折や頭蓋内出血は認めない
    • 上記より左眼窩吹き抜け骨折と診断された

    【眼窩吹き抜け骨折】

    ・眼窩吹き抜け骨折は、外傷等の何らかの原因により眼窩内圧が上昇し、眼窩壁が破綻(骨折)した状態

    ・骨折により眼窩内脂肪や外眼筋が脱出する事もあり、外眼筋が嵌頓すると複視の原因にもなる

    骨折箇所は眼窩下縁、もしくは内側壁(紙様板)に多い

    ・骨折部位から眼窩底部型、内側型、混合型に分類される

    ・内側壁骨折では眼窩内気腫が見られる事もある

    ・成人での骨折では、骨片が元に戻らず眼球陥没や眼列の左右差(punched out fracture)の原因にもなりうる

    ・小児では若木骨折が多く、骨折部は復元される事が多い

    ・眼窩上縁の骨折は眼窩骨折の5%程度で、前頭骨に対する鈍的外傷に多い

    ・外側壁骨折は単独の骨折は稀で、三脚骨折(tripod fracture)やLe FortⅢ型骨折に合併する

    ・画像所見は、CTで眼窩壁(下壁、内側壁)に骨折や、それに伴う眼窩内脂肪や外眼筋の脱出など

    ・下直筋が上顎洞に脱出し、眼窩内から消失する事がある(missing muscle syndrome)

    ・視神経血種は失明の原因にもなる事があるので注意する

    ・骨折の有無、骨欠損部の大きさ、眼窩内容の逸脱の有無、眼窩内気腫などを確認する

    参考書籍:すぐ役立つ救急のCT・MRI 改定第2版
         ジェネラリストを目指す人のための画像診断パワフルガイド 第2版