悪性腫瘍31

【臨床症状】50代 褐色帯下 検診異常精査 SCC:21.5

【問題】画像所見と診断名は?

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➡ CT冠状断と矢状断(造影後)
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➡ MRI画像(単純)
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➡ MRI画像(造影)
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    ▶答えはこちら
    • 子宮頚部にやや造影される4.5cm大の腫瘤影あり
    • CT画像上では子宮頚部を超えているが膣壁の下1/3にまでは達していないように見える
    • また右総腸骨、内腸骨領域リンパ節腫大を認め、転移疑い
    • 上記より、子宮頸癌、StageⅡA2期疑いとなる
    • また生検も実施され、非角化性扁平上皮癌:non keratinizing squamous cell carcinomaが検出された
    • 後日MRIも実施、2WIでやや低信号、拡散低下、不均一な造影効果あり
    • 膣壁浸潤を認めるが1/3までは否定的
    • CTと同様に右総腸骨リンパ節腫大を認め、子宮頸癌、StageⅡA2期(もしくはⅡB期)疑いとの診断になった

    【子宮頸癌】

    ・子宮頸癌(cervical cancer)は、がん検診の普及によって進行癌で発見されるケースが減少してきている癌

    ・理由はある程度長く非浸潤癌の状態で留まるために、この間に検診で発見される事が増えてきたため

    ・好発年齢は50代以降だが、近年は若年化が進んでいる

    ・若年者の子宮頸癌は外向型発育が多く、高齢者では内向型発育が多い

    ・初期は症状が無く不正出血等の有症状で発見される場合は、ⅠB期以降の進行癌である事が多い

    ・ヒトパピローマウィルス(HPV)感染が発癌に関係していると言われている

    ・70%程度が扁平上皮癌で、他には腺癌などがある

    ・手術適応はⅡB期まで

    ・子宮頸癌における画像診断の役割は次のようなものがある

    1. MRIで腫瘍が検出されるのがⅠB1期以降のため、早期発見には推奨されていない
    2. T1WIでは頚部間質よりやや高信号だが不鮮明
    3. T2WIでは高信号
    4. 拡散強調画像が進展範囲診断に有効という話もある
    5. 造影では腫瘍は周囲間質と比較して低信号域となる
    6. 子宮傍組織浸潤は、T2WIで正常頚部間質が確認できるかで判断できる
    7. 膣壁浸潤の有無はT2WIで低信号の膣筋層の断裂があれば陽性と判断できる

    参考書籍:婦人科MRIアトラス 改定第2版