【臨床症状】50代 褐色帯下 検診異常精査 SCC:21.5
【問題】画像所見と診断名は?
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➡ CT冠状断と矢状断(造影後)
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➡ MRI画像(単純)
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➡ MRI画像(造影)
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▶答えはこちら
- 子宮頚部にやや造影される4.5cm大の腫瘤影あり
- CT画像上では子宮頚部を超えているが膣壁の下1/3にまでは達していないように見える
- また右総腸骨、内腸骨領域リンパ節腫大を認め、転移疑い
- 上記より、子宮頸癌、StageⅡA2期疑いとなる
- また生検も実施され、非角化性扁平上皮癌:non keratinizing squamous cell carcinomaが検出された
- 後日MRIも実施、2WIでやや低信号、拡散低下、不均一な造影効果あり
- 膣壁浸潤を認めるが1/3までは否定的
- CTと同様に右総腸骨リンパ節腫大を認め、子宮頸癌、StageⅡA2期(もしくはⅡB期)疑いとの診断になった
【子宮頸癌】
・子宮頸癌(cervical cancer)は、がん検診の普及によって進行癌で発見されるケースが減少してきている癌
・理由はある程度長く非浸潤癌の状態で留まるために、この間に検診で発見される事が増えてきたため
・好発年齢は50代以降だが、近年は若年化が進んでいる
・若年者の子宮頸癌は外向型発育が多く、高齢者では内向型発育が多い
・初期は症状が無く不正出血等の有症状で発見される場合は、ⅠB期以降の進行癌である事が多い
・ヒトパピローマウィルス(HPV)感染が発癌に関係していると言われている
・70%程度が扁平上皮癌で、他には腺癌などがある
・手術適応はⅡB期まで
・子宮頸癌における画像診断の役割は次のようなものがある
参考書籍:婦人科MRIアトラス 改定第2版
- MRIで腫瘍が検出されるのがⅠB1期以降のため、早期発見には推奨されていない
- T1WIでは頚部間質よりやや高信号だが不鮮明
- T2WIでは高信号
- 拡散強調画像が進展範囲診断に有効という話もある
- 造影では腫瘍は周囲間質と比較して低信号域となる
- 子宮傍組織浸潤は、T2WIで正常頚部間質が確認できるかで判断できる
- 膣壁浸潤の有無はT2WIで低信号の膣筋層の断裂があれば陽性と判断できる