common disease68

【臨床症状】30代 顔の右半分が動かない

【問題】画像所見と診断名は?

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➡ CISS
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➡ 造影
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    ▶答えはこちら
    • 拡散強調、T1WI、T2WI、FLAIR画像では特に異常所見は認めない
    • CISS画像においても、内耳道や小脳橋角部に明らかな異常所見は認めない
    • 造影後の画像では、かなり微妙な所見ではあるが右顔面神経にわずかな造影効果を認める事ができる
    • 臨床症状と合わせて顔面神経麻痺に矛盾しない
    左:造影後冠状断(非提示)、右造影後横断像
    • 他、両側基底核背側に血管周囲腔を認める

    【顔面神経麻痺】

    ・抹消性顔面神経麻痺は脳神経麻痺の中で最も頻度が高い

    ・40~50代に好発し、40代にピークがあり性差はない

    ・臨床症状は片側表情筋の運動障害や味覚、聴覚、涙腺分泌障害を引き起こす疾患

    1次性(特発性)と2次性に大別され、1次性がBell麻痺(60~70%)、2次性の最多がRamsay Hunt症候群(10~15%)

    ・主な原因はBell麻痺ではヘルペスウィルス(HSV-1:Herpes simplex virus)、Hunt症候群では水痘帯状疱疹ウイルス(VZV:varicella zoster virus)

    ・ウィルス由来の炎症性神経浮腫により顔面神経麻痺が起きる

    ・6~9%程度で再発する事が知られており、同側に発症する場合と反対側に発症する場合がある

    ・主な治療法はステロイド療法

    ・画像所見は、顔面神経の腫大や異常信号、異常増強効果を認める

    ・膝神経節部から遠位の顔面神経は正常でも造影されるので注意する

    ・内耳道の迷路部が造影されると異常と判断する

    ・主な鑑別は超神経腫瘍

    参考書籍:頭頸部の画像診断 改定第2版
    参考文献:亀井大輔, 滝伊織, 増田豊. ほか, 末梢性顔面神経麻痺の難治化と予後因子, 昭和学士会誌 第75巻 第3号