整形16

【臨床症状】50代 股関節痛精査

【問題】画像所見と診断名は?

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※T2WI、T1WI、脂肪抑制画像の順に表示

➡ 横断像
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※T2WI、T1WI、脂肪抑制画像の順に表示

    ▶答えはこちら
    • T2WIで大腿骨頭の圧潰像を認める
    • また骨頭ではT1WIで低信号、脂肪抑制画像で高信号を認める
    • 上記より大腿骨骨頭壊死が最も疑われる
    • 他、脂肪抑制画像で臼蓋にも骨髄浮腫性変化(骨挫傷)、少量の関節水腫、外側広筋にも信号上昇を認め、損傷もしくは炎症疑い
    左からT2WI、T1WI、脂肪抑制画像

    【大腿骨頭壊死症】

    ・大腿骨頭壊死症には外傷などの原因が明らかな症候性大腿骨頭壊死症と、原因が不明な特発性大腿骨頭壊死症がある

    ・症候性大腿骨頭壊死症の原因には、外傷性、医原性、放射線治療によるもの、塞栓性などがある

    ・原因の中にステロイド性やアルコール性があるが、これらは特発性大腿骨頭壊死症に含まれることもある

    ・特発性大腿骨頭壊死症の定義は「非外傷性に大腿骨頭の無菌性、阻血性の壊死をきたし、大腿骨頭の圧潰変形が生じ、その結果2次性の股関節症に至る疾患」となっている

    ・男性に多く40代がピーク

    ・診断基準:次の5項目のうち2項目以上の該当で確定診断となる

    1. X線画像で骨頭圧潰像あるいはCrescent signがある
    2. X線画像で骨頭内の帯状硬化像がある
    3. 骨シンチで骨頭のCold in hot像を認める
    4. MRIで骨頭内帯状低信号域を認める
    5. 骨生検標本での骨壊死像を認める

    ・病型分類があり、壊死域の範囲によってTypeA、TypeB、TypeC-1、TypeC-2に分類される

    標準整形外科 第14版より