common disease24

【臨床症状】70代 USで肝腫瘤疑い

【問題】画像所見と診断名は?

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    ▶答えはこちら
    • 肝右葉、尾状葉に軽度の腫大と、肝辺縁の鈍化や凹凸を認める
    • また軽度の脾腫を認めるも腹水の貯留は認めない
    • 食道胃静脈瘤や脾腎シャント、胃腎シャントなども認めない
    • 上記より肝硬変(慢性肝炎)の状態であると考えられる
    • またS7/8に1cm程度の嚢胞性病変を認め、これがUSで指摘された病変と考えられる
    • その他の所見として、胆摘後、両側腎嚢胞あり
    • 両肺S10付近に胸膜肥厚あり

    【肝硬変】

    ・肝硬変は、肝小葉の正常構造が破壊され再生結節による偽小葉形成、間質の線維化がびまん性に生じた状態

    ・原因はウィルス性(A型、B型、C型)、アルコール性、薬剤性、NASH(非アルコール性脂肪性肝炎)などによる肝炎

    ・この肝炎が慢性化し、その終末像が肝硬変となる

    ・肝硬変により門脈圧亢進などを来した場合は、肝内外にシャント(側副血行路)を作る事がある

    ・特に食道胃静脈瘤は胃液による破裂の危険性が高いため、早急な治療を要する事がある

    ・また肝硬変は肝細胞癌を発症するリスクが高い(肝硬変では、再生結節が生成され、異型結節、HCCという流れを辿る事がある)

    ・画像上は、肝右葉の萎縮、尾状葉や左葉外側区の腫大を認める

    ・また線維化の程度によっては、肝辺縁の鈍化や凹凸を認めるようになる

    ・進行した肝硬変では、塊状壊死巣と呼ばれる肝辺縁に向かう楔状の壊死巣を認める事がある

    ・アルコール性肝硬変では、まずはびまん性腫大を認める事が多く、脾腫は軽微な傾向があると言われている

    ・(高度)異型結節やHCCの検出にはGd-EOB-DTPAが有効で、肝細胞相で信号強度が低下するのが特徴

    参考書籍:ジェネラリストを目指す人のための画像診断パワフルガイド 第2版