【臨床症状】80代 副腎腫瘍精査
【問題】画像所見と診断名は?
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➡ MRI画像
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▶答えはこちら
- 左副腎に低吸収域を含む副腎腫瘤を認める
- CT値では最小値が0以下のため、脂肪成分を含んでいることが分かる
- 内部は均一である事、担癌患者ではない事から副腎腺腫と診断できる
- 後日MRIが撮影され、同部位に2cm程度の腫瘤影を認め、脂肪抑制画像で信号低下を認める
- またin-phase/opposed-phaseにおいてchemical shiftを認め信号低下が確認できる
- これらからCTと同様に脂肪成分を含む事が分かり、副腎腺腫と診断する事ができる
- その他の所見として、胆石(複数)あり
- 総胆管の拡張を認めるが、明らかな閉塞機転は認めない
【副腎腺腫(副腎偶発腫瘍:incidentaloma)】
・画像診断にて偶然発見される副腎腫瘍(1~10%程度の頻度で見つかる)を副腎偶発腫瘍と呼ぶ
・副腎偶発腫瘍は、80%が非機能性腺腫で、他にCushing症候群、アルドステロン症、褐色細胞腫、副腎皮質癌、転移病変などがある
・機能性、非機能性の鑑別はホルモン学的な検索が行われる事が多い
・非機能性腺腫、骨髄脂肪腫、嚢胞などは leave-me-alone-mass とも呼ばれ、特に治療の必要はないとされている
・担癌患者では転移との鑑別が問題になる事がある
・副腎腺腫では70%以上で細胞内脂肪を含むが、脂肪を含まない腺腫もある
・CT画像では病変が小さいと脂肪による低吸収域を認めない事もあるので、CT値による計測が重要
・CT値で脂肪組織の存在が、またMRIではChemical shiftによる信号低下を認めれば、ほぼ副腎腺腫と診断できる
・CT値で脂肪の存在が疑われるが、Chemical shiftによって信号低下を認めない場合は、骨髄脂肪種を鑑別にあげる
・稀に出血や壊死、石灰化が見られる事がある(変性腺腫)
・なお機能性腺腫では、分泌されるホルモンの種類によってCushing症候群やアルドステロン症と診断される
・主な偶発腫の鑑別は以下の通り
※知っておきたい泌尿器のCT・MRI 改定第2版より引用改変
参考書籍:知っておきたい泌尿器のCT・MRI 改定第2版
ジェネラリストを目指す人のための画像診断パワフルガイド 第2版