整形32

【臨床症状】60代 転倒受傷

【問題】画像所見と診断名は?

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※ T2WI、T1WI、脂肪抑制画像の順に表示

➡ 横断像/矢状断像
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※ 横断像、矢状断の順に表示

    ▶答えはこちら
    • T2WIやT2-FS斜冠状断で棘上筋腱の著明な高信号、T1WIではやや高信号を認め、棘上筋腱の完全断裂が疑われる
    • これに随伴する形で、棘下筋腱と小円筋に浮腫性変化を認め、損傷が疑われる
    • 他、関節水腫、肩甲下包・三角筋下包に大量の液体貯留あり
    • 右肩腱板損傷/断裂(棘上筋断裂、棘下筋、小円筋損傷)疑いと診断された
    ※ T2WI、T1WIの横断像は非提示
    左は正常例、右が本症例(T2WI画像) 腱板の完全断裂が確認できる

    【腱板断裂】

    ・腱板は棘上筋腱、肩甲下筋腱、棘下筋腱、小円筋腱から構成され、肩の安定稼働に重要な役割を果たしている

    ・若年者は外傷によるものが多いが、加齢によって転倒や日常生活の動作で損傷したり断裂する事がある

    ・一度断裂すると自然には回復しないのが特徴

    ・症状は肩の痛み(夜間痛が特徴的)と挙上困難などだが、無症候性もある

    ・理学的所見は、棘上/棘下筋の萎縮、可動域制限、インピンジメント症候群などを認める

    ・腱板断裂には以下のような分類がある

    1. 断裂の深さによる分類:完全断裂か不全断裂か(腱の上面、下面、腱内に限局)
    2. 断裂の大きさ:小断裂(1cm以下)、中断裂(1~3cm)、大断裂(3~5cm)、広範囲断裂(5cm以上)
    3. 断裂の形態:三日月型、U字型、L字型 など

    ・治療法は保存療法と外科的療法

    ・高齢者で腱板断裂していても日常生活に不自由がなければ保存療法で様子を見る事もある

    骨軟部疾患の画像診断 第2版 より引用改変