common disease109

【臨床症状】40代 男性 中耳にポリープ

【問題】画像所見と診断名は?

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➡ 拡大画像
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➡ 冠状断
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    ▶答えはこちら
    • 左Prussak腔、鼓室に約1cm程度の軟部腫瘤影を認める
    • 冠状断では鼓膜被蓋の鈍化は認めないが、隣接するツチ骨やキヌタ骨の破壊を認める
    • また左乳蜂巣に液体貯留あり
    • 上記より、左真珠腫、中耳炎の診断となった

    【真珠腫】

    ・真珠腫(cholesteatoma)は、角化重層扁平上皮とその落屑物から構成される嚢胞性病変で、病理学的には類上皮腫と同じ

    ・先天性(2%)と後天性(98%)がある

    ・後天性真珠腫は発生する部位によって、弛緩部に発生したものを上鼓室型、緊張部に発生したものを癒着型に分類される

    ・上鼓室型真珠腫の割合の方が高い

    ・主な臨床症状は、耳鳴りや難聴、耳漏などの非特異的所見だが、耳鏡で特徴的な真珠のような光沢を認める腫瘤が確認できる

    ・病変が大きくなると、耳小骨破壊に伴い難聴、髄膜炎、めまい、顔面神経麻痺などの症状が出現する事もある

    ・コレステリン肉芽腫は中耳炎や真珠腫に合併する事が多いと言われている

    ・機序は、内耳腔に液体貯留、粘膜浮腫、出血、コレステリン結晶形成、肉芽形成という流れ

    真珠腫の画像所見は、CTでのPrussak腔の拡大、鼓膜被蓋の脱灰、鈍化が特徴的

    耳小骨(特にツチ骨、キヌタ骨)の破壊を高確率で認める

    ・病変が乳突洞への後方進展を伴う場合は、乳突洞口の拡大も認める事がある

    ・MRIでは通常、T1WIで低信号、T2WIで高信号で内部は不均一

    ・拡散強調の高信号が特徴的で、腫瘍内部に造影効果は認めない事が多い

    参考書籍:頭頸部の画像診断 改定第2版