悪性腫瘍2

【臨床症状】80代 数年前からの頚部腫脹

【問題】画像所見と診断名は?

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➡ MRI画像(単純)
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➡ MRI画像(造影)
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    ▶答えはこちら
    • 左喉頭に甲状軟骨に浸潤する腫瘤影を認める
    • 両側頚部リンパ節腫大あり
    • その後、組織生検するも悪性所見は認めず、ただし左頚部リンパ節よりClass5、SCC転移との診断
    • 上記より左声門上癌両側頚部リンパ節転移との最終診断になった
    造影CT画像
    左からCT、MRI、内視鏡( 内視鏡画像は非提示)
    • 後日、FDG-PETを実施し、多発肺転移も認めた
    PET-CT画像(非提示)

    【喉頭癌(声門上癌)】

    ・声門上癌は喉頭癌の30%を占める癌

    ・他には声門癌(65%)、声門下癌(5%)がある

    ・声門上喉頭は、喉頭蓋から声帯の直上付近の事を指す

    ・初期は無症状の事が多く、進行するにしたがって違和感や嚥下困難などが出現してくる

    ・そのため発見時には進行癌の事が多い

    ・リンパ節転移の頻度が高く、頚部リンパ節腫脹がきっかけで発見される事も少なからずある

    ・早期病変(T2まで)までは機能温存療法が行われるため、T2とT3の分類は重要

    ・つまり画像診断の目的は、病変の進展範囲と病期決定が主(生検などにより、局所診断はすでに確定している事が多い)

    1. 声門上癌のT3因子は前喉頭蓋間隙伸展の有無、傍声帯間隙伸展の有無、甲状軟骨内側皮質への伸展の有無など
    2. T4因子は甲状軟骨全層性浸潤の有無、喉頭外進展の評価
    3. 前喉頭蓋間隙への進展は、放射線治療の反応不良の原因で、進展があると頚部リンパ節転移の確率が90%になる

    参考書籍:頭頸部の画像診断 改定第2版