悪性腫瘍1

【臨床症状】80代 慢性腎不全、特発性門脈圧亢進症 嚥下困難

【問題】画像所見と診断名は?

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    ▶答えはこちら
    • 甲状腺両葉に造影される腫瘤影を認める
    • 特に右側で大きい
    • 両甲状腺は嚢胞を随伴し内部も不均一、かつ右甲状腺では石灰化も認める
    • 頚部リンパ節の腫大ははっきりしなく、また遠隔転移も認めない
    • 生検により甲状腺乳頭癌と診断される
    • その他の所見として、心拡大、大動脈石灰化、Bochdalek孔ヘルニアによる脂肪織(腹腔内または後腹膜)が胸腔に脱出、右肺下葉の腫瘤性病変は以前からの所見で変化なし、腎萎縮/嚢胞、肝嚢胞など
    単純、早期相の冠状断は非提示

    【甲状腺乳頭癌】

    ・甲状腺乳頭癌(papillary carcinoma)は、甲状腺癌の9割を占める

    ・若年から高齢者まで広い年齢層に認める

    ・近年の遺伝子診断により、BRAF遺伝子変異とRET遺伝子再構成が関連していると言われている

    ・乳頭癌は予後が比較的良い部類の癌だが、当然ステージが進むと不良になる

    ・直径1cm以下の乳頭癌を微小乳頭癌(micropapillary cancer)と言い、腺外浸潤やリンパ節/遠隔転移を認めない場合は、年に1回程度の経過観察が推奨されている(3mm以上の増大を認めたら手術の対象)

    ・乳頭癌は、リンパ節転移を来す事が多い事が知られており、初診時の50%にリンパ節転移を認めるとも言われている

    ・充実成分が無い嚢胞状リンパ節転移は若年者に多い

    ・遠隔転移は肺が多い

    ・甲状腺乳頭癌の画像所見は以下の通り

    1. 超音波では形状不整、境界不明瞭な充実性結節
    2. 内部低エコー、微細石灰化、境界部低エコー帯の不整または欠如などがある
    3. CTやMRIで質的診断は難しいと言われている
    4. CTでは低吸収、造影で増強効果を認め石灰化を伴う事が多い(石灰化=乳頭癌ではない)
    5. MRIではT1WIで低信号、T2WIで高信号、造影で増強効果ありの所見を示す
    参考書籍:頭頚部の画像診断 改定第2版