悪性腫瘍13

【臨床症状】70代 CA19-9上昇 192→585

【問題】画像所見と診断名は?

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➡MRI画像
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    ▶答えはこちら
    • 胃角部から前庭部にかけてやや造影される病変を認める
    • また腹水も少量あるが、リンパ節腫大は認めない
    • 上記より胃癌の否定が必要となるが、実際はCT検査時には発見できず、2か月後のMRI検査で胃壁の肥厚を指摘され内視鏡で胃癌(adeno-caricinoma)が確定した例
    • MRIやFDG-PET画像を見た上で逆引きでCT画像を確認すれば、指摘可能だとも思われるが所見での指摘は難しいかもしれない
    • 胃癌の診断において、CTでの指摘は難しい事が多い
    単純/造影CT
    上段がMRI、下段左がPET-CT(Fusion)画像、下段右が内視鏡画像(PET-CTと内視鏡画像は非提示)
    • その他の所見として、胆摘後、大動脈石灰化、腎結石など

    【胃癌】

    <早期胃癌>

    ・胃癌(gastric cancer)は肉眼的分類位で0~5型(表在型、腫瘤型、潰瘍限局型、潰瘍浸潤型、びまん浸潤型)に分類される

    ・癌腫の深達度が粘膜までであればリンパ節転移がほどんどないが、粘膜下層まで進達しているとリンパ節転移の可能性が出てくる

    ・癌腫が粘膜下層までに留まる場合を早期胃癌としている

    ・粘膜層までであれば内視鏡による治療対象になるため、深達度判断は重要である

    ・一般的に早期胃癌は内視鏡による診断が主であり、CTやMRIでは解像度の問題から有用性は低い

    <進行胃癌>

    ・T2(粘膜下層を超えて固有筋層に留まる)以上になると進行(胃)癌

    ・T2以降ではCTで壁肥厚などの所見が確認できるようになる

    ・また、T3やT4になると脂肪織の濃度上昇などの所見も認められ有用性が高くなる

    ・リンパ節転移においては、短径8mm以上、造影効果あり、内部脂肪の消失を満たす場合を転移とすると、感度が~90%、特異度が~80%とのデータがある

    ・大網ケーキや腹水、腹膜肥厚/結節などの所見は腹膜播種の所見とされているが感度は高くないと言われている

    ・FDG-PETは腹膜播種診断には有効だが、局所診断では生理的集積の部位でもあり、また分化度が低い組織型では陰性例も多いため必ずしも有用性は高くない

    <スキルス胃癌>

    ・びまん性に浸潤する胃癌をスキルス胃癌とも呼び、進行が早く再発率や腹膜播種の頻度も高い

    ・これはびまん性に浸潤するため、病変の表面が正常組織に覆われている事が多く、正確な進展範囲が確認できない事があげられる

    ・粘膜下を進展するため早期には症状が無い事が多い

    ・非常に予後が悪い

    ・画像所見では、胃壁の肥厚、硬化、伸展不良などを認める

    参考書籍:わかる!役立つ!消化管の画像診断