common disease93

【臨床症状】40代 男性 歯肉癌術後 アテゾリズマブ投与中に肺炎 プレドニンにて軽快

【問題】画像所見と診断名は?

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    ▶答えはこちら
    • 両肺の上葉中心に多発する地図状のすりガラス陰影を認める
    • またcrazy paving appearanceも認める
    • 胸水は認めないが、縦隔リンパ節に軽度の腫大を認め反応性腫大疑い
    • 上記画像所見と臨床経過から、薬剤性肺障害(薬剤性肺炎)の器質化肺炎型、もしくは過敏性肺臓炎類似型が疑われた
    • その後、薬剤投与の中止とステロイドにより軽快

    【薬剤性肺障害】

    ・薬剤使用による副反応によって肺や気管支、血管、胸膜などに呼吸器障害が起きた状態

    ・薬剤投与から数週間~数か月で発症し、間質性肺炎型が最も頻度が高い

    ・リスク因子は加齢、既存の肺病変、肺手術後、呼吸機能低下、肺照射、腎障害など

    ・臨床的にはDAD型と非DAD型の鑑別が重要

    ・非DAD型にはNSIP型、OP型、EP型、HP型などがあり、同一薬剤でも異なる病理像の事もあり、ゆえに多彩な画像所見を呈する

    ・免疫チェックポイント阻害剤(ニボルマブ、ペムポロシズマブ、アテゾリズマブ、デュルパルマブ)で170例中20例に間質性肺炎が認められ、COP、NSIP、HPが18例、ARDSが2例という報告がある

    ・治療法は薬剤の使用中止とステロイド投与

    ・DAD型や線維化が高度な場合は予後が悪い

    ・薬剤性肺障害と感染性肺炎などの鑑別も重要

    参考書籍:困ったときの胸部の画像診断